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This paper investigates the novel explicit model of the relativistic field equations for radiating fluid ball in the absence of horizon. The inner metric is without shear, symmetry like sphere and undergoes heat flow in radial direction. The inner metric maintains all appropriate thermodynamic and physical parameters analytically as well as graphically and are matched to the Vaidya external metric across the boundary. Here in the present model, the collapse begins with unlimited mass and radius, and time approaches zero without the event horizon formation. The luminosity is independent of time, and the rate of collapse process will never reach the horizon.
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Rani et al. (2024) studied this question.
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