Metabolic Correlation Research Progress of Fatty Liver Disease

代谢相关性脂肪性肝病(metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, MAFLD)是遗传易感个体由于营养过剩和胰岛抵抗，引起的慢性进展性肝病，疾病谱包括代谢相关(非酒精性)性脂肪肝、代谢相关性肝炎及其相关纤维化和肝硬化。于2024年7月份中华医学会肝病学分会决定将非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non -alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)正式更名为代谢相关性脂肪性肝病，本文不做区分。NAFLD全球流行率已超过总人口的四分之一，而我国形势尤为严峻，NAFLD不仅对个体健康构成重大威胁，亦导致家庭和社会医疗成本急剧攀升。因此，深入探究其流行特征、诊断策略及危险因素具有重要公共卫生意义，本文将围绕上述三方面展开系统性综述。Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a chronic progressive liver disease that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals due to overnutrition and insulin resistance. The disease spectrum includes metabolic-related (non-alcoholic) fatty liver, metabolic-related hepatitis, and related fibrosis and cirrhosis. In July 2024, the Chinese Society of Hepatology decided to officially rename non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as MAFLD. This article does not make a distinction between the two. The global prevalence of NAFLD has exceeded a quarter of the total population, and the situation in China is particularly severe. NAFLD not only poses a significant threat to individual health but also leads to a sharp increase in medical costs for families and society. Therefore, in-depth exploration of its epidemiological characteristics, diagnostic strategies, and risk factors has important public health significance. This article will conduct a systematic review of the above three aspects.