Ion exchange membranes (JEM) chemically treated with platinum salt so1uions gives rise to IEM-platinum composites that undergo large deformations in an electric field of a few volts (2-4 volts/mm). They also show remarkable vibrational characteristics of about 80 lIz bandwidth. A simple theoretical treatment as well as some experimental evidence on the dependence of deformation amplitude on the imposed voltages and frequencies are presented.
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Mojarrad et al. (1996) studied this question.