Proteomics Analysis Reveals Diverse Molecular Characteristics between Endocardial and Aortic-Valvular Endothelium

Figures

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  Figure 1. Venn diagram represents (a) the distribution of all detected proteins in aortic valvular endothelium (AVE) and endocardial endothelium (EE). The volcano plot represents (b) differentially expressed proteins in AVE cells compared to EE cells. The Student’s t-test was used for the differential expression analysis using Progenesis QI for Proteomics. Proteins with a raw p-value < 0.05 and fold change > 2 were highlighted in the figure (Red—upregulation and Blue—down-regulation).

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  Figure 2. Heatmap represents differentially changed proteins in aortic valvular and endocardial endothelium. The normalized peptide intensities from label-free proteomics data were used to create the Heatmap using the Heatmapper tool. Supplementary Table S1. Fold change > 1.5 was considered significant. V—Aortic Valvular endothelial cells; E—Endocardial endothelial cells.

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  Figure 3. Cell surface markers identified in aortic valvular (AVE)and endocardial endothelium (EE). The GSEA analysis was used to determine the cell differentiation (CD) markers. The CD-marker highly expressed in AVE cells was represented in (a). The CD-markers highly expressed in EE cells were shown in (b–f). Cell The normalized peptide intensities from label-free proteomics data were used to create the graphs. The Student’s t-test was used for the differential expression analysis using Progenesis QI for Proteomics. A protein with a raw p-value < 0.05 and fold change > 1.5 was considered significant. V—Valvular endothelial cells; E—Endocardial endothelial cells. * p-value < 0.05, ** p-value < 0.01, *** p-value < 0.001 and **** p-value < 0.0001.

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  Figure 4. Classification of proteins overexpressed in aortic valvular endothelium (AVE) and endocardial endothelium (EE). A list of proteins in AVE cells (29 genes) was used for the analysis, 28 genes were mapped to unique Entrez gene IDs, and 1 gene symbol was not mapped to any IDs. A list of proteins in EE cells (25 genes) was used for the analysis, 23 genes were mapped to unique Entrez gene IDs, and 2 gene symbols were not mapped to any IDs. The bar chart represents Entrez gene IDs overlapped with gene ontology (GO) slim categories such as biological process (a,b), cellular component (c,d), and molecular function (e,f). The bar chart represents the top 10 enriched pathways in AVE cells and EE cells using the Reactome database (g,h). The darker bar represents FDR for less than or equal to 0.05, while the lighter shade represents FDR > 0.05. The top 10 pathways with a p-value < 0.05 are selected for the representation. All classification analysis was performed in WebGestalt software.