Lead Intoxication in Children in Birmingham

Of 38 children investigated between 1966 and 1971 who had a blood lead concentration greater than 37 mug/100 ml eight had encephalopathy and one died; all these eight had a blood lead concentration of 99 mug/100 ml or above. Blood lead levels are related to haemoglobin concentrations and anaemia is common in children with blood lead concentrations of 37-60 mug/100 ml, levels previously accepted as harmless.Children with blood lead concentrations greater than 60 mug/100 ml show radiological evidence of lead intoxication, and treatment for this should be considered when blood lead concentration exceeds 37 mug/100 ml. Children presenting with unexplained encephalopathy should be radiographed for evidence of lead intoxication.