Additive manufacturing in construction: state of the art and emerging trends in civil engineering

For decades, there has been an increasing interest in the development of Additive Manufacturing (AM) in both the construction industry and civil engineering. The rapid evolution of this field requires a review to maintain a global vision. This has led to the emergence of large robotic arm and gantry systems capable of printing building components using various materials such as concrete, including supplementary cementitious materials or natural fibres. Other less recent technologies, such as Fused Deposition Modelling and Laminated Object Manufacturing contribute to the production of components for construction. AM offers several advantages including automated production processes and design flexibility for complex geometry. This article provides an overview of the current state of AM in construction, including an examination of engineering and AM processes, concretes and reinforced materials, advanced materials, and the development of new applications. Additionally, the article discusses recent standards for 3D Concrete Printing. It is aimed at those seeking a comprehensive understanding of AM and its applications in construction 5.0.