Enhancing Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio in Flexible ECG Monitoring: Materials, Structural Designs, and Algorithmic Strategies

ABSTRACT Against the backdrop of the escalating incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the accurate acquisition and efficient analysis of electrocardiographic (ECG) signals hold pivotal significance for the early screening, diagnosis, and prognostic monitoring of diseases. Studies have established that stable and reliable ECG monitoring data serve as the core prerequisite for enhancing the accuracy of clinical diagnosis. Despite the widespread clinical adoption of conventional ECG monitoring devices, ECG signals are highly susceptible to contact noise, motion artifacts, and environmental interferences, while the limitations of signal processing algorithms further constrain the improvement of diagnostic efficiency. Consequently, the development of novel flexible technology‐based ECG monitoring systems and optimized algorithms has become increasingly critical. This review first analyzes the primary causes of signal interference in conventional ECG monitoring, then systematically outlines the material selection, structural, and algorithmic design of flexible ECG electrodes, and finally provides a forward‐looking perspective on the future development of ECG monitoring technology. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the research progress in electrode materials, structural design, and ECG algorithms, offering valuable insights for the performance optimization of flexible ECG monitoring devices and facilitating the resolution of key challenges related to signal stability and diagnostic accuracy in clinical ECG monitoring.