Relationship of breast cancer and renin angiotensin system through ACE gene polymorphism

AbstractPurpose: The cardiovascular system's regulation is significantly influenced by the renin-angiotensin system(RAS). RAS enzymes are not limited to plasma but are also found in various organ systems. Studies have increasingly demonstrated the presence of local RAS expression in cancerous tumors.This polymorphism is known to affect circulating ACE levels, which in turn may influence various physiological processes, including those associated with cancer development. Despite numerous studies, the association of ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism and risk of breast cancer remains controversial. This study aims to compare tumor and normal groups in the Turkish population to gain a clearer understanding of this association. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between ACE insertion/deletion gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk in 25 patients with tumors and 25 controls.Method: This mutation results in an insertion (I) when the Alu sequence is inserted and a deletion(D) when it is absent.Findings: Individuals with homozygous deletion(DD) mutations exhibit approximately double the ACE levels in plasma and tissue compared to those with homozygous insertion(II), while heterozygotes(ID) show intermediate levels. For the ACE gene to function, angiotensin I must be converted to anyiontensin II and bradykinin must be deactivated. Research has revealed that angiotensin II has very important roles and functions. Angiotensin II can exert promitotic, proliferative and angiogenic effects.Conclusion: The most important of these functions is in the growth and proliferation of tumor cells through the Ang II type I receptor.