Smart Biofilms and Integrating Biosensors for Real-Time Monitoring: A review

Abstract Biofilms are complex mixtures of organic and inorganic substances that are secreted by various organisms belonging to multiple groups, including bacteria, archaea, and protists. Biofilms have been known to humans since the discovery of the microscope, but later, in 1978, they were named. Initially, they were found to be beneficial for human use, including water purification and sanitation. In the modern era, biosensors have been combined with biosensors via multiple computer-aided technology techniques for real-time monitoring. Real-time monitoring involves monitoring various levels of drugs and physiological parameters on the basis of integrated systems in the body. Smart biofilms, especially biofilms made of bacteria, are common in medicine. Multiple biosensor-based biofilms have been formulated and used to detect cardiovascular, neural, gastrointestinal, and numerous other diseases. They work efficiently. However, there is a need to improve their sensitivity and specificity by improving sensor technology. In the future, these biosensors may become familiar with eradicating serious health issues in patients with deadly diseases.