The Histidine‐Rich Glycoprotein A1043G Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Recurrent Miscarriage in Erbil—The Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Background/aim Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is a major reproductive concern affecting a large number of women worldwide. Genetic factors are thought to play an important role in RM. Due to its potential function in angiogenesis, the histidine‐rich glycoprotein (HRG) gene has become a focus of research. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the association between the HRG A1043G single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and RM. Materials and Methods To meet the objectives of the study, 110 women with a history of RM were included. The control group consisted of 60 women who had delivered children and had no history of miscarriage. Blood samples were collected from all participants; genomic DNA was extracted and amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sanger sequencing was performed to screen for the A1043G polymorphism in exon 7 of the HRG gene. Results The findings revealed a significant association between the HRG SNP and the risk of RM at both genotypic and allelic levels. Compared to the AA genotype, mutant genotypes (AG + GG) showed a significantly higher risk of RM ( p = 0.041). The G allele was also significantly associated with RM, as indicated by the odds ratio (OR) analysis ( p = 0.018). Conclusions The present study demonstrated that genetic variation in the HRG gene may contribute to susceptibility to RM.