Exploring the Effectiveness and Safety of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation on Bone Health of Indian Patients: Real-World Multicenter Retrospective Study

Objective: To evaluate the impact of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone health in osteoporotic patients. Methods: A multi-centric retrospective observational study was conducted on osteoporotic patients supplemented with vitamin D and calcium. Data on patient demographics, treatment history, bone health parameters (bone mineral density (BMD), fracture, muscle strength, and balance), laboratory results, and adverse events were retrospectively collected from existing medical records. Results: The mean BMD increased from 0.823 to 0.854 g/cm². Fracture incidence declined significantly from 15.6% to 12.1% (p<0.001). Muscle strength increased from 23.4 to 26.1 kg (p<0.001), and balance improved from 43.2 to 47.3 seconds (p<0.001). Serum calcium increased from 8.5 to 9.2 mg/dl (p<0.001), and vitamin D levels increased from 20 to 41 ng/ml (p<0.001). Most patients (91.5%) reported no adverse effects, with 8.5% experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, constipation, gastric irritation) in 5%. Conclusion: Vitamin D and calcium supplementation in osteoporotic patients significantly improved BMD, risk of fracture, muscle strength, balance, and biochemical parameters from baseline. The combined supplementation demonstrated a favorable safety profile.