Coronary Artery Disease

Background: Development of heart failure is always secondary to presenceof risk factors like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, age, smoking and underlying coronaryartery disease. Objective: The objective of this study was to find the frequency of risk factorsand coronary artery involvement in patients of heart failure after myocardial infarction. StudyDesign: A non-randomized cross sectional study. Setting: Gulab Devi Chest Hospital. Period:Six months. Methods: 100 patients was done. Using non probability (purposive) samplingtechnique; all patients with ages between 20 to 80 years, irrespective of gender, diagnosedwith heart failure (with ejection fraction ≤ 40%) secondary to STEMI were included in thestudy. Patients that were not having heart failure secondary to STEMI and those that hadn’ttheir coronary angiography done were excluded from the study. The data were analyzed usingSPSS Version 20. Descriptive statistics was used to see analyze the data. Results: Mean ageof patients was 52.61±10.2years. There was an overall male predominance (81%). Commonrisk factors that we observed were smoking (65%), hypertension (62%), diabetes (58%) andpositive family history (38%). In this study 51% patients had triple vessels disease, 15% patientshad double vessels disease and 34% patients had single vessel disease. Most common lesionwas of LAD following LCX, RCA and LMS. Conclusion: Our study conclude that coronaryartery disease is the main causative factor for the development of heart failure in patients ofmyocardial infarction and even a single vessel disease can lead to heart failure with severesystolic dysfunction. Most common associated risk factor was smoking, hypertension being thesecond most common following diabetes and positive family history.