Key result
Higher resting heart rate was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (P trend < 0.001) and cardiovascular events (P trend = 0.002) in individuals aged ≥60 years, but not in those <60.
Why the study?
Does higher resting heart rate increase the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in individuals aged 40 and older without baseline cardiovascular disease?
Cohort (n=6,209)
No
Does higher resting heart rate increase the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in individuals aged 40 and older without baseline cardiovascular disease?
p-value: p=<0.001 for mortality, 0.002 for CV events (in older participants)
Higher resting heart rate is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events specifically in older individuals (≥60 years), but not in those under 60.
May inform age-specific risk stratification in primary prevention; leaves open causal effects and intervention benefits.
OBJECTIVES: To examine whether the association between resting heart rate (RHR) and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events differs according to age. DESIGN: Prospective cohort. SETTING: Community in Beijing, China. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 40 and older without cardiovascular disease at baseline (N = 6,209). MEASUREMENTS: Trained investigators interviewed participants using a standard questionnaire to obtain information on demographic characteristics, medical history and lifestyle risk factors in 1991. RHR was evaluated according to quartiles (<72, 72-76, 76-84, ≥84 beats/min). Cox regression models were used to assess the associations between RHR and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 8.3 years, 840 subjects died, and 676 experienced a cardiovascular event. Higher RHR was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (P trend < .001) and cardiovascular events (P trend = .002) in older (≥60) but not younger (<60) participants (both P trend > .05). There were significant modifying effects of age on the association between RHR and all-cause mortality (P interaction < .001) and cardiovascular events (P interaction =.002). Similar results were observed after exclusion of individuals who died (n = 100) or had a cardiovascular event (n = 45) during the first 2 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION: High RHR appears to be an independent determinant of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in older but not younger individuals.
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Li et al. (2016) conducted a cohort in No cardiovascular disease (n=6,209). Resting heart rate (RHR) vs. Lower RHR quartiles was evaluated on All-cause mortality and cardiovascular events (p=<0.001 for mortality, 0.002 for CV events (in older participants)). Higher resting heart rate was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (P trend < 0.001) and cardiovascular events (P trend = 0.002) in individuals aged ≥60 years, but not in those <60.
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