Effect of dichloromethane fraction of Rhizophora mucronata on carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats

To evaluate the effect of dichloromethane fraction (DCM-F) of Rhizophora mucronata on noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats and find out the biological action using docking studies. Rats treated post orally DCM-F (100 mg/kg b.wt.) for forty-five days. Different biochemical profiles using blood sample, in addition, the levels of glycolytic enzymes in the liver tissues of animals estimated on completing the study, Then, high-performance liquid chromatography photodiode detector mass spectroscopy (HPLC-DAD-MS) used to identify the active compounds in DCM-F. Moreover, active molecules in DCM-F have docking with possible anti-diabetic targets. DCM-F treatment presented significant (p<0.01) decrease in blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), increased the body weight, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), plasma insulin and action of hexokinase when compared with untreated rats. Further, DCM-F treatment showed reduce acting serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ACP) and ALP as well as the intensity of creatinine and urea. HPLC-MS identified ajmalicine, catharanthine, colchicine, hyoscyamine, reserpine, and vindoline present in DCM-F. Docking simulation confirmed that ajmalicine interacted with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1(PTPN1) but catharanthine produced more affinity and binding energy with insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (IRTK). This study infers DCM-F of R. mucronata acts as a promising source of anti-diabetic drug development.