Former smoking was associated with significantly higher systolic blood pressure (135.6 vs. 131.0; p<0.001) and worse cardio-kidney-metabolic risk profiles compared to never smoking.
Cross-Sectional (n=1,574)
Yes
Do ex-smokers have a different cardio-kidney-metabolic risk profile compared to never-smokers and current smokers?
Ex-smokers exhibit higher blood pressure and worse cardio-kidney-metabolic risk profiles than both never-smokers and current smokers, highlighting the need for targeted risk management after smoking cessation.
Absolute Event Rate: 135.6% vs 131%
p-value: p=<0.001
Objective: Smoking cessation is strongly recommended for the prevention of cardio-kidney-metabolic (CKM) diseases. Ex-smokers (ex-SM) are more likely to develop hypertension than never-smokers (N-SM) which raised several important questions. The aim of this study was to investigate differences of characteristics between ex-SM and N-SM. Design and method: This cross-sectional analysis was conducted within the nationwide EH-UH 2 project and included a representative random sample of non-institutionalized adults. Data of 1574 participants (37% men; mean age 59 years) were included in the present analysis. Blood pressure (BP) was measured according to the ESH guidelines, central aortic pressure (CAT) -Mobilograph. Height and weight were measured using an Omron metabolic scale. Participants were grouped as current smokers (SM, N=383, 36.7% men), ex-SM (N=339, 54.5% men), and N-SM (N=852, 31.4% men). Results: Ex-SM were older (63.0 vs. 61,0; p=0.002) had higher systolic BP compared to N-SM (135.6 vs. 131.0; p< 0.001), CAT (123.0/85.0 vs. 119.5/81.0; p=0.040 (cSAT), p=0.008 (cDAT)), BMI (29.6 vs. 28.3; p= 0.005), visceral fat accumulation (12 vs. 10; p<0.001), fasting blood glucose (5.2 vs. 4.9; p<0.001), uric acid (313 vs. 289; p=0.006), triglycerides (TG) (1.4 vs. 1.3; p<0.001), total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio (3.7 vs 3.6; p=0.020), ApoB/ApoA (0.61 vs 0.56; p=0.013), TG/glucose ratio (0.28 vs. 0.26; p=0.013), ePWV (10.38 vs 9.95, p<0.001) and lower HDL cholesterol (1.36 vs. 1.45; p=0.004). There was no significant difference between Ex-SM and N-SM in gender, salt intake, sodium-to-potassium ratio, ACR, eGFR, NT-proBNP and hs-troponin I. Ex-SM, compared to SM, were older, had higher systolic BP, CAT, central PP, BMI, HOMA index, TgG index (1.3 vs. 1.2, p=0.005), TG × BMI index (38.9 vs. 34.2, p=0.002), glucose/HDL ratio (3.7 vs. 3.5, p=0.022), NT-proBNP (82 vs. 64, p=0.017), salt intake (8.9 vs. 7.6, p<0.001) and ePWV (10.38 vs. 8.83, p<0.001). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that Ex-SM have significantly highest values of BP, CAT, and most important “classical” CKM risk factors and newly proposed risk biomarkers. Smokers should be educated on how to prevent, manage and control BP, overweight and CKM risk factors.
Kucina et al. (Fri,) conducted a cross-sectional in Cardio-kidney-metabolic risk (n=1,574). Former smoking (Ex-smokers) vs. Never smoking was evaluated on Systolic blood pressure (p=<0.001). Former smoking was associated with significantly higher systolic blood pressure (135.6 vs. 131.0; p<0.001) and worse cardio-kidney-metabolic risk profiles compared to never smoking.