In pursuance of state programs for the innovative development of industry in the Russian Federation and increasing its competitiveness, the country’s economy was tasked with creating a domestic production potential capable of competing with foreign companies in the production of analogues of foreign goods. The implementation of the programs involved combining the efforts of the state and business in the development of high‑tech production facilities, as well as the creation of systemic long‑term incentives and preferences in terms of subsidies, tax incentives, and other government support measures to increase the competitiveness of Russian companies in domestic and global markets. According to the conclusion of many experts, high‑tech industries lag behind the most in the implementation of the import substitution program. The purpose of the study is to analyze the legal foundations of the existing mechanism of state support for small and medium‑sized enterprises producing high‑tech products as part of the transition of the country’s economy to import substitution, identify the causes and factors of the slowdown in import substitution policy, as well as ways to improve its effectiveness. To achieve the set goal, the study uses a systematic analysis and a structural and functional approach to assessing the status and processes of implementation of the import substitution program by high‑tech enterprises. It is shown that despite significant efforts by the state to ensure technological independence from the supply of products from abroad, the Russian Federation still continues to face a number of serious problems in the process of import substitution in the promotion and implementation of innovative start‑up projects and the production of high‑tech products by domestic enterprises. It is proved that, with the proper support of the state, small and medium‑sized high‑tech industries can solve the problem of strengthening national sovereignty in import substitution in the shortest possible time. The problems faced by small and medium‑sized business organizations using innovative technologies in their activities are analyzed. It is argued that the main factors hindering the development of small and medium‑sized high‑tech companies are the high requirements of preferential loans when assessing the creditworthiness of their businesses; unwillingness to lend to startups and the lack of government guarantees to ensure the technological and financial sovereignty of the development of innovative high‑tech enterprises. The article examines the foreign experience of supporting small and medium‑sized high‑tech enterprises. The ways of improving state guarantees and the mechanism of preferential targeted financing of high‑tech industries engaged in the development and production of import substitution products are proposed.
Tatiana Zakupen (Thu,) studied this question.