Key result
Acidic alcohol-based disinfectants completely inactivate HuNoV within 30 seconds, whereas alkaline formulations fail.
Why the study?
Human norovirus is a major cause of foodborne illness and acute viral gastroenteritis, but few studies have used cell culture infectivity assays to test disinfectant efficacy against it and its surrogates.
Do acidic alcohol-based disinfectants have higher virucidal efficacy against Human Norovirus compared to alkaline disinfectants?
Do acidic alcohol-based disinfectants have higher virucidal efficacy against Human Norovirus compared to alkaline disinfectants?
Acidic alcohol-based disinfectants are more effective against Human Norovirus than alkaline ones, and efficacy against surrogate viruses does not guarantee efficacy against HuNoV.
Acidic alcohol-based disinfectants may improve HuNoV GII.17 inactivation; leaves open clinical translation beyond this animal model.
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major causative agent of foodborne illness and causes acute viral gastroenteritis. This study aimed to compare the virucidal efficacies of alcohol-based disinfectants against HuNoV and its surrogates for murine norovirus and feline calicivirus using a cell culture infectivity assay. Additionally, the study evaluated the validity of estimating virucidal efficacy on HuNoV from the results of virucidal efficacy on the surrogate virus. All disinfectants decreased the titer of each virus by >3 log10 and >4 log10 for an exposure duration of 30 s against murine norovirus and feline calicivirus, respectively. However, acidic alcohol-based disinfectants completely inactivated the HuNoV GII.17 strain for 30 or 60 s, whereas an alkaline alcohol-based disinfectant did not inactivate HuNoV GII.17 for 60 s. This finding indicates that the pH of alcohol disinfectants affects their virucidal effects against HuNoV, and acidity has a higher virucidal efficacy against HuNoV than alkalinity. Disinfectants showing virucidal efficacy against surrogates were not effective against HuNoV. Few studies have used cell culture infectivity assays to test the inactivating effects of hand sanitizers on HuNoV and its surrogates. Our study provides useful information for the development of disinfectants that are effective against HuNoV.
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Hiraishi et al. (2025) studied Human norovirus (HuNoV). Acidic alcohol-based disinfectants vs. Alkaline alcohol-based disinfectants was evaluated on Virucidal efficacy (reduction in virus titer). Acidic alcohol-based disinfectants completely inactivated the HuNoV GII.17 strain for 30 or 60 s, whereas an alkaline alcohol-based disinfectant did not inactivate it for 60 s.
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