Causes of Cancer Re-Admissions: A Patient-Centered Approach

PURPOSE: Patients with a cancer diagnosis have a high risk of re-admission during the 30 days after discharge. Clinicians, payers, and patients consider this to be an indicator of care quality. The causes of re-admission remain poorly understood. Retrospective chart reviews, used in most re-admission research, provide limited information regarding the causes of, and methods to reduce, re-admissions. This project sought to elicit the insights of those most affected by re-admission: the patients themselves. METHODS: We interviewed patients with cancer who were re-admitted to 2 urban teaching hospitals when they were hospitalized during their second admission. Trained interviewers used a semistructured interview guide to gather information on events just before the second admission, the patients' understanding of the cause of re-admission, and the patients' views about their readiness for discharge at the previous admission. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed, and themes were identified and explored. RESULTS: Three major themes were identified. First, most patients saw their re-admission as caused by problems that could not be treated in an outpatient setting. Second, the patients felt that they did not have sufficient resources at home to manage their care. Furthermore, the patients did not see the outpatient care team as a resource that they could call on for assistance. As a result, most of the decisions to return to the hospital were made by the patients themselves. CONCLUSION: The decision that leads to re-admission often happens at home, in response to unmanageable needs. Strengthening the bond between the care team and the patient, with the aim of providing care in the most appropriate setting, could decrease re-admissions in patients with cancer. Possible interventions include home visits, enhanced discharge planning, and telehealth services.