Key result
Defective HIV proviruses remain active during ART, driving chronic immune hyperactivation and challenging viral eradication.
Defective HIV proviruses, previously considered inactive, are capable of producing transcripts and proteins that may drive chronic immune activation in patients on successful antiretroviral therapy.
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May drive persistent immune activation on ART; leaves open whether defective proviruses must be targeted for cure.
This review article analyzes information obtained from a literature search on defective HIV genomes (HIV-1, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Lentivirus, Orthoretrovirinae, Retroviridae). It discusses the origins of defective HIV genomes, their potential for transcription and translation, and the role of defective RNA and proteins in stimulating both innate and adaptive immunity. The article also explores their contribution to HIV pathogenesis, immune system hyperactivation despite successful antiretroviral therapy (ART), and the evolutionary processes in HIV proviral populations under ART. Additionally, it addresses challenges in reservoir elimination and HIV eradication that arise from the existence of defective HIV viruses.
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Bobkova Mr (2024) conducted a review in HIV infection. Defective HIV proviruses was evaluated. Defective HIV proviruses, which constitute the vast majority of the proviral population in patients on successful antiretroviral therapy, can be transcriptionally and translationally active, contributing to chronic immune hyperactivation and posing challenges for HIV eradication.
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