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Electrochemomechanical polymer actuators were fabricated by using the electro-deposited poly-aniline film. Using LASER displacement meter, we can easily get the in-situ observation of the displacement and the cyclic voltammogram[1]. At the redox reaction from leuco-emeraldine salt to emeraldine salt(ES), PANI film showed large deformation. On the other hand, at the redox reaction from ES to pernigraniline salt, PANI film showed the slight contraction.
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Takashima et al. (1995) studied this question.
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