Left Ventricular Assist Device Support Complicates the Exercise Physiology of Oxygen Transport and Uptake in Heart Failure

Figures

• 

  Figure 1:. Relationships between Cardiac Output, Arteriovenous Oxygen Content Difference and Oxygen Uptake during Sub-anaerobic Threshold Exercise

• 

  Figure 2:. Relationships between Cardiac Output, Arteriovenous Oxygen Content Difference and Oxygen Uptake comparing Sub-anaerobic Threshold Exercise with Maximal Exercise

• 

  Figure 3:. Relationships Between Cardiac Output, Arteriovenous Oxygen Content Difference and Oxygen Uptake in Heart Failure Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction Performing Maximal Exercise

• 

  Figure 4:. Physical and Physiological O2 Transport Contribution to Maximal Exercise Oxygen Uptake Described by Fick’s First Law and Fick Principle

• 

  Figure 5:. Effect of Incrementally Increased Pump-speed on Relationships Between Cardiac Output, Arteriovenous Oxygen Content Difference and Oxygen Uptake During Maximal Exercise