Improving the Management of Chronic Disease at Community Health Centers

BACKGROUND: The Health Disparities Collaboratives of the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) were designed to improve care in community health centers, where many patients from ethnic and racial minority groups and uninsured patients receive treatment. METHODS: We performed a controlled preintervention and postintervention study of community health centers participating in quality-improvement collaboratives (the Health Disparities Collaboratives sponsored by the HRSA) for the care of patients with diabetes, asthma, or hypertension. We enrolled 9658 patients at 44 intervention centers that had participated in the collaboratives and 20 centers that had not participated (external control centers). Each intervention center also served as an internal control for another condition. Quality measures were abstracted from medical records at each health center. We created overall quality scores by standardizing and averaging the scores from all of the applicable measures. Changes in quality were evaluated with the use of hierarchical regression models that controlled for patient characteristics. RESULTS: Overall, the intervention centers had considerably greater improvement than the external and internal control centers in the composite measures of quality for the care of patients with asthma and diabetes, but not for those with hypertension. As compared with the external control centers, the intervention centers had significant improvements in the measures of prevention and screening, including a 21% increase in foot examinations for patients with diabetes, and in disease treatment and monitoring, including a 14% increase in the use of antiinflammatory medication for asthma and a 16% increase in the assessment of glycated hemoglobin. There was no improvement, however, in any of the intermediate outcomes assessed (urgent care or hospitalization for asthma, control of glycated hemoglobin levels for diabetes, and control of blood pressure for hypertension). CONCLUSIONS: The Health Disparities Collaboratives significantly improved the processes of care for two of the three conditions studied. There was no improvement in the clinical outcomes studied.