Europeanization of foreign policy: the case of Turkish foreign policy towards the Black Sea region

Turkey’s efforts to initiate an active foreign policy towards the Black Sea region in the 1990s were scuttled by Russian influence and an international environment inconducive to multilateralism. When security needs changed in the twenty‐first century and the enlargement of the EU reached the Black Sea, a multilateral approach was developed for the region by local and international actors, i.e., the EU and Turkey. In this framework, this article aims to show the changes observed in Turkish foreign policy towards the region since the 1990s and the EU’s effect in this change.