Key result
P2X4 receptors support cardiac muscle function, whereas P2Y2 and P2Y6 receptors promote fibrosis.
Why the study?
To review the distribution of P2 receptor subtypes in cardiac cells and their physiological and pathological roles in the heart.
Highlights the distinct physiological and pathological roles of P2 purinergic receptor subtypes in cardiac mechanotransduction and remodeling.
P2 receptor subtypes merit targeted preclinical studies in remodeling; hypothesis-generating for therapies, should not yet change practice.
ATP is a major energy source in the mammalian cells, but it is an extracellular chemical messenger acting on P2 purinergic receptors. A line of evidence has shown that ATP is released from many different types of cells including neurons, endothelial cells, and muscle cells. In this review, we described the distribution of P2 receptor subtypes in the cardiac cells and their physiological and pathological roles in the heart. So far, the effects of external application of ATP or its analogues, and those of UTP on cardiac contractility and rhythm have been reported. In addition, specific genetic alterations and pharmacological agonists and antagonists have been adopted to discover specific roles of P2 receptor subtypes including P2X4-, P2X7-, P2Y2- and P2Y6-receptors in cardiac cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Accumulated data suggest that P2X4 receptors may play a beneficial role in cardiac muscle function, and that P2Y2- and P2Y6-receptors can induce cardiac fibrosis. Recent evidence further demonstrates P2Y1 receptor and P2X4 receptor as important mechanical signaling molecules to alter membrane potential and Ca2+ signaling in atrial myocytes and their uneven expression profile between right and left atrium.
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Woo et al. (2020) conducted a review in Cardiac pathophysiology. P2 Receptors was evaluated. P2X4 receptors may play a beneficial role in cardiac muscle function, while P2Y2- and P2Y6-receptors can induce cardiac fibrosis and alter mechanotransduction in atrial myocytes.
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