Key result
Air travel and wellness activities impose distinct physiological stresses requiring tailored guidance in cardiovascular disease.
Why the study?
Recreational activities such as air travel and wellness visits to spas and saunas pose specific physiological and circulatory risks for patients with cardiovascular disease that require detailed understanding and guidance.
This review provides practical, guideline-based recommendations and physiological context for advising cardiovascular patients on the safety of air travel and thermal wellness activities.
Requires individualized counseling on air travel and wellness activities in CVD; leaves open prospective validation of recommendations.
SAŽETAK: Tijekom rehabilitacijskoga procesa pitanje rekreacijskih aktivnosti obično se postavlja u fazi rekonvalescencije.Rekreacija obuhvaća tjelesne i/ili mentalne aktivnosti koje zadovoljavaju psihološki i biološki uvjetovane potrebe.Turizam uključuje i tjelesne i mentalne rekreacijske elemente.U kontekstu udaljenih odredišta, korištenje zračnim prijevozom otvara niz zdravstvenih pitanja, dok domaći turizam često uključuje posjete toplicama i saunama, što također može značiti rizik za boles nike s kardiovaskularnim (KV) bolestima.Putnici su tijekom leta izloženi fizikalnim, psihološkim i fiziološkim utjecajima koji mogu uzrokovati pojavu smetnji, najčešće palpitacije i bol u prsima.Bo ravak u termalnim kupkama i saunama popularan je oblik rekreacije, ali može biti zabrinjavajući u bolesnika s KV bolestima.Stupanj povišenja temperature i posljedični utjecaj na cirkulaciju različit je kod kupki i sauna, zbog čega se ove aktivnosti ne mogu bezrezervno preporučiti navedenim boles nicima.U ovom ćemo preglednom radu predstaviti fiziološke posljedice zračnoga prijevoza na ljudski organizam te pružiti sažetak međunarodne literature i smjernica o zračnom prijevozu pri različitim KV stanjima.Nadalje, detaljno ćemo opisati promjene u krvotoku uzrokovane finskom i infracrvenom saunom, kao i kupkama u vrućoj vodi, te raspraviti o mogućim kontraindikacijama za te aktivnosti.SUMMARY: During the rehabilitation process, the question of recreational activities typically arises in the convalescent phase.Recreation encompasses physical and/or mental activities that fulfill a psychologically and biologically determined need.Tourism includes both physical and mental recrea tional elements.Regarding distant destinations, air travel raises several concerns, just as domestic tourism frequently involves visits to spas and saunas, both of which may pose risks for patients with cardiovascular conditions.Air travel exposes passengers to physical, psychological, and physiological effects, which can lead to cardiac symptoms, most commonly palpitations and chest pain.Visiting thermal baths and saunas is a popular recreational activity, but it can also be concerning for patients with cardiovascular disease.The degree of temperature elevation and its impact on circulation differ between baths and saunas, making them not universally recommended for these patients.In this re view, we summarize the physiological effects of air travel on the human body, as well as international literature and guidelines regarding air travel in various cardiovascular conditions.Furthermore, we detail the circulatory changes induced by Finnish and infrared saunas, as well as hot water baths, and discuss their potential contraindications.
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Homoródi et al. (2026) conducted a review in Cardiovascular disease. Air travel and wellness activities (saunas, thermal baths) was evaluated. Air travel and wellness activities such as saunas and thermal baths induce physiological changes that require careful consideration and specific recommendations for patients with cardiovascular disease.
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