Comparison of Ambulatory and Home Blood Pressure Variability for Cardiovascular Prognosis and Biomarkers

BACKGROUND: Although blood pressure variability (BPV) is reported to be associated with cardiovascular prognoses, it has not been established whether ambulatory BPV (ABPV; ie, short-term 24-hour BPV) or home BPV (HBPV; day-to-day BPV) is a superior clinical marker. METHODS: We analyzed the associations of ABPV and HBPV with cardiovascular prognoses and biomarkers in 1314 hypertensive outpatients who underwent both home and ambulatory BP measurements in the J-HOP study (Japan Morning-Surge Home Blood Pressure). BPV was evaluated by the SD, coefficient of variation, and average real variability of the patients' 24-hour ambulatory and home systolic BP values. RESULTS: During the median 7.0-year follow-up, 109 cardiovascular events occurred. All SD, coefficient of variation, and average real variability values of the HBPV were significantly associated with cardiovascular risk even after adjusting by average 24-hour ambulatory systolic BP and each ABPV value: 1 SD of hazard ratio (95% CI) for the SD, 1.36 (1.14-1.63); coefficient of variation, 1.38 (1.16-1.66); and average real variability 1.29 (1.10-1.51) of HBPV. The ABPV parameters did not exhibit comparable relationships. The cardiovascular risk spline curves showed a trend toward increased risks with increasing HBPV parameters. There were no differences between ABPV and HBPV in the relationships with B-type natriuretic peptide and the urine albumin-creatine ratio. CONCLUSIONS: In this comparative analysis of ambulatory and home BP monitoring values in individuals with hypertension, ABPV was not significantly associated with cardiovascular prognosis adjusted by average BP level, and HBPV was suggested to have modest superiority in predicting cardiovascular prognosis compared with ABPV.