Key result
Primary aldosteronism is a frequent cause of endocrine hypertension, with prevalence increasing up to 20% in resistant hypertension, and requires a three-step diagnostic process.
This review highlights the critical need for a three-step diagnostic approach to identify primary aldosteronism, given its high prevalence in resistant hypertension and associated cardiovascular risks.
May support screening in resistant hypertension; leaves open optimal diagnostic thresholds pending prospective validation.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize current knowledge on diagnosis and treatment of primary aldosteronism, the most frequent cause of endocrine hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS: The prevalence of primary aldosteronism increases with the severity of hypertension, from 2% in patients with grade 1 hypertension to 20% among resistant hypertensives. The detection of primary aldosteronism is of particular importance, not only because it provides an opportunity for a targeted treatment but also because it has been extensively demonstrated that patients affected by primary aldosteronism are more prone to cardiovascular events and target organ damage than patients with essential hypertension. The diagnosis of primary aldosteronism is a three-step process; screening, confirmation and subtype diagnosis. SUMMARY: We review, the strategies to correctly identify primary aldosteronism, highlighting the central role of the new guidelines and the diagnostic aspects still under debate.
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Mulatero et al. (2010) conducted a review in Primary aldosteronism. Primary aldosteronism is a frequent cause of endocrine hypertension, with prevalence increasing up to 20% in resistant hypertension, and requires a three-step diagnostic process.
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