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Nanowires, sandwiched nanoribbons, and nanotubes of SnO2 are synthesized using elevated temperature synthesis techniques, and their structures are characterized in detail by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition to the normal rutile structured SnO2, it has been possible to form an orthorhombic superlattice-like structure in the present study. The orthorhombic structure can form in a thin nanowire, coexist with the normal rutile structured SnO2 in a sandwiched nanoribbon, or occur in the form of nanotubes. This result is distinct from that for bulk SnO2 where pressures in excess of 150 kbar are required to form the orthorhombic form. The orientation relationship between the orthorhombic SnO2 and the rutile structured SnO2 is determined to be 001o || 102̄t and (100)o || (010)t for the nanowires and sandwiched nanoribbons, and 001o || 3 t and (110)o || (451)t for the nanotubes. Although the growth direction of the rutile structured SnO2 nanowires is along 101t, two growth directions are found to occur in the nanostructures having the orthorhombic SnO2 structure. They are 010o for nanowires and 1̄10o for the sandwiched nanoribbons and nanotubes. The results in this study and the observation of orthorhombic SnO2 may result from the formation of the products in an oxygen deficient environment.
Dai et al. (Sat,) studied this question.