Key result
Resistant hypertension linked to ~3.8-fold higher odds of metabolic syndrome vs. mild-to-moderate hypertension.
Why the study?
Are specific clinical features and biomarkers independently associated with metabolic syndrome in patients with resistant versus mild-to-moderate hypertension?
Cross-Sectional (n=236)
No
Are specific clinical features and biomarkers independently associated with metabolic syndrome in patients with resistant versus mild-to-moderate hypertension?
Odds Ratio: 3.75 (95% CI 1.09–12.92)
Absolute Event Rate: 73% vs 60%
p-value: p=0.03
The study demonstrates that metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in patients with hypertension, particularly resistant hypertension, and is strongly correlated with early organ damage like microalbuminuria and altered adipokine profiles.
Supports MetS screening in resistant hypertension; leaves open whether intervention modifies outcomes.
BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is widespread among hypertensive patients. Clinical features and potential biomarkers of MetS in the presence of hypertension and resistant hypertension (RHTN) represent a great area of interest for investigation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of MetS and the clinical features associated with it in resistant and mild to moderate hypertensives. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 236 patients, (i) 129 mild to moderate hypertensive patients and (ii) 107 patients with RHTN. We measured blood pressure (BP) and adipokines levels, and performed bioelectrical impedance analysis. Microalbuminuria (MA), cardiac hypertrophy and arterial stiffness were also assessed. The significance level of alpha = 0.05 was adopted. RESULTS: We found a MetS prevalence of 73% in resistant and 60% in mild-to-moderate hypertensive patients. In a multiple regression analysis, MA (odds ratio = 8.51; p = 0.01), leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR) (odds ratio = 4.13; p = 0.01) and RHTN (odds ratio = 3.75; p = 0.03) were independently associated with the presence of MetS apart from potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that both resistant and controlled hypertensive subjects have a high prevalence of MetS. In addition, MetS-related metabolic derangements may cause early renal and hormonal changes. Finally, LAR may be useful as a reliable biomarker for identifying those hypertensive subjects who are at risk for developing MetS.
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Catharina et al. (2018) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension (Resistant and Mild-to-Moderate) (n=236). Resistant hypertension vs. Mild to moderate hypertension was evaluated on Presence of Metabolic Syndrome (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.09-12.92, p=0.03). Resistant hypertension was independently associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome (OR 3.75, p=0.03) compared to mild-to-moderate hypertension.
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