Neurohormonal Activation After Atrial Fibrillation Initiation in Patients Eligible for Catheter Ablation: A Randomized Controlled Study

Figures

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  Figure 1. Inclusion and randomization flowchart. AF indicates atrial fibrillation; EF, ejection fraction; pts, patients; RFA, radiofrequency ablation; SMURF, Symptom burden, Metabolic profile, Ultrasound findings, Rhythm, neurohormonal activation, hemodynamics and health‐related quality of life in patients with atrial Fibrillation.

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  Figure 2. MR‐proANP reaction in randomized groups in fv, CS, and LA. MR‐proANP levels are presented as geometric means with 95% CI. Results from repeated‐measure ANOVA within‐subjects contrast tests between randomization groups based on interaction with time: P time×randomization fv<0.001; P time×randomization CS<0.001; P time×randomization LA<0.001. AF indicates atrial fibrillation; ANOVA, analysis of variance; CI, confidence interval; CS, coronary sinus; fv, femoral vein; LA, left atrium; MR‐proANP, mid‐regional fragment of the N‐terminal precursor of atrial natriuretic peptide; n, number of patients available for analyses.

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  Figure 3. NT‐proBNP reaction in randomized groups in LA. NT‐proBNP levels are presented as geometric means with 95% CI. P time×randomization<0.001 (from repeated‐measure ANOVA within‐subjects contrast test between randomized groups based on interaction with time). AF indicates atrial fibrillation; CI, confidence interval; LA, left atrium; n, number of patients available for analysis; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide.

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  Figure 4. NT‐proBNP reaction in randomization groups in femoral vein. NT‐proBNP levels are presented as geometric means with 95% CI. P time×randomization<0.001 (from repeated‐measure ANOVA within‐subjects contrast test between randomized groups based on interaction with time). AF indicates atrial fibrillation; CI, confidence interval; fv, femoral vein; group; n, number of patients available for analysis; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide.

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  Figure 5. Copeptin reaction in randomized groups in patients without IHD in femoral vein, CS, and LA. Copeptin levels are presented as geometric means with 95% CI. Results from repeated‐measure ANOVA within‐subjects contrast tests between randomized groups based on interaction with time: P time×randomization fv<0.003; P time×randomization CS<0.015; P time×randomization LA<0.011. AF indicates atrial fibrillation; ANOVA, analysis of variance; CI, confidence interval; CS, coronary sinus; fv, femoral vein; IHD, ischemic heart disease; LA, left atrium; n, number of patients available for analysis.

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  Figure 6. DBP reaction in both randomized groups. AF indicates atrial fibrillation; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; n, number of patients available for analysis.