The Relationship Between External Debt, Defence Expenditures and GNP Revisited: The Case of Turkey

This paper extends the Looney and Frederiksen (1986 Looney, R.E. and Frederiksen, P.C. 1986. Defence expenditures, external public debt and growth in developing countries. Journal of Peace Research, 23(4): 329–338. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) study and investigates the relationship among external debt, defence expenditures and GNP in Turkey for 1960–2002. After applying cointegration analysis of a multivariate system of equations, impulse response functions and variance decomposition are estimated. The impulse response functions indicate that defence expenditures have a positive effect on external debt stock. Moreover, impulse response of GNP to defence expenditures tended to hike slightly within two years ahead, and dipped sharply by two years, and thereafter continued at a positive level.