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The current era in sustainable development is focused on the rapid integration of renewable energy sources driven by a wide range of socio-economic objectives. Due to the inherent property of time-varying weather conditions, the intermittent sources, that is, Solar PV and Wind Energy, are considered as variable energy resources. The uncertainty and variability problem of these sources has brought many complications to distributed network operators to operate and control the complex or multi-microgrids with limited fast-ramping resources in order to maintain the power system flexibility. It led many researchers to find an alternative strategy since the conventional approaches are no longer adequate to handle the economic implications of operational decision making. At first, the brief review of various deterministic and probabilistic approaches, stochastic programming and robust optimisation strategies to address the uncertainty of variable energy resources are discussed. Furthermore, in the energy management point of view, the optimal scheduling problem of distributed sources of the microgrid is considered, and a brief review of optimisation models, advanced control strategies and demand response strategies to maximise economic benefits of microgrids are also elaborately presented. Finally, the multiagent-based distributed and decentralised control strategies for seamless integration of distributed generator units are reviewed under various configurations of the power grid along with communication network topologies.
Kumar et al. (Sun,) studied this question.