Key result
Male sex linked to ~34% higher cardiovascular toxicity risk following anthracycline therapy in young survivors.
Why the study?
While anthracycline cardiotoxicity is well studied, cardiovascular toxicity from newer therapies like VEGF inhibitors remains less understood in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors.
Does anthracycline and/or VEGF inhibitor therapy increase the risk of cardiovascular toxicities in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors?
Cohort (n=1,165)
No
Does anthracycline and/or VEGF inhibitor therapy increase the risk of cardiovascular toxicities in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors?
Hazard Ratio: 1.34 (95% CI 1.04–1.73)
Cardiovascular toxicities, particularly hypertension, are highly prevalent among adolescent and young adult cancer survivors treated with anthracyclines and/or VEGF inhibitors, highlighting the need for targeted cardiovascular surveillance in this population.
High cumulative CV toxicity in AYA survivors suggests surveillance may be considered; leaves open prospective validation of combined therapy and sex-specific risks.
BACKGROUND: Cancer survival rates have been steadily improving in the adolescent and young adult (AYA) population, but survivors are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The cardiotoxic effects of anthracycline therapy have been well studied. However, the cardiovascular toxicity associated with newer therapies, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, is less well understood. OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study of AYA cancer survivors sought to gain insight into their burden of cardiovascular toxicities (CT) following initiation of anthracycline and/or VEGF inhibitor therapy. METHODS: Data were extracted from electronic medical records over a fourteen-year period at a single institution. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to examine risk factors for CT within each treatment group. Cumulative incidence was calculated with death as a competing risk. RESULTS: Of the 1,165 AYA cancer survivors examined, 32%, 22%, and 34% of patients treated with anthracycline, VEGF inhibitor, or both, developed CT. Hypertension was the most common outcome reported. Males were at increased risk for CT following anthracycline therapy (HR: 1.34, 95% CI 1.04-1.73). The cumulative incidence of CT was highest in patients who received both anthracycline and VEGF inhibitor (50% at ten years of follow up). CONCLUSIONS: CT was common among AYA cancer survivors who received anthracycline and/or VEGF inhibitor therapy. Male sex was an independent risk factor for CT following anthracycline treatment. Further screening and surveillance are warranted to continue understanding the burden of CVD following VEGF inhibitor therapy.
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Wong‐Siegel et al. (2023) conducted a cohort in Cancer (Adolescent and young adult survivors) (n=1,165). Anthracycline and/or VEGF inhibitor therapy vs. Internal reference groups (e.g., females vs males, single vs combined therapy) was evaluated on Cardiovascular toxicity following anthracycline therapy (males vs females) (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.04-1.73). Cardiovascular toxicity was common among adolescent and young adult cancer survivors, reaching a 50% cumulative incidence at 10 years for those receiving both anthracycline and VEGF inhibitors, with male sex increasing the risk following anthracycline therapy (HR 1.34).
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