Key result
Major depressive disorder exhibited a significant interaction with gender regarding hypertension risk (HR 1.82), with male patients facing a substantially higher risk than female patients.
Why the study?
The study was conducted to investigate whether major depressive disorder increases the risk of hypertension in patients in Taiwan.
Does major depressive disorder increase the risk of hypertension in outpatients?
Observational (n=743,114)
Does major depressive disorder increase the risk of hypertension in outpatients?
Hazard Ratio: 1.82 (95% CI 1.41–2.35)
p-value: p=<0.001
Major depressive disorder is associated with an increased risk of incident hypertension in men, but not in women, highlighting a significant gender disparity in cardiovascular risk among psychiatric patients.
MDD-associated hypertension risk appears higher in men; hypothesis-generating for gender-specific monitoring pending prospective confirmation.
Objects: The aim of our study was to investigate whether major depressive disorder (MDD) increased the risk of hypertension using propensity score matching (PSM) in patients with MDD in Taiwan. Methods: In this study, we recruited all samples from a random sample sub-dataset of one million insured individuals from 2005. A total of 743114 outpatients were included in our study. We used PSM (nearest neighbor matching) stratified by age, hospital level, insurance amount and Charlson Comorbidity Index score. Results: The hazard ratio of hypertension was significantly greater in the male MDD outpatients (HR=1.116, P=0.004) than in the female MDD outpatients (HR=0.93, P=0.02). Using PSM, we selected 27988 outpatients with hypertension and 27988 outpatients without hypertension for a nested case-control study. In this analysis, female outpatients with MDD (relative risk =0.852) had lower risks of hypertension. Male outpatients without/with MDD (relative risk =1.987/3.018) showed a synergistic interaction with gender in which males had a higher risk of hypertension in a multiplicative model. Furthermore, MDD appeared to have an interaction effect with gender (HR=1.82, P<0.001) in the proportional hazards model analysis. Antidepressant use also increased the risk of hypertension (HR=1.16, P<0.001). Conclusions: There was gender disparity in the risk of hypertension in subjects with MDD. MDD outpatients who used antidepressants had a higher risk of suffering from hypertension. A large-scale, population-based study is warranted to generalize these results in the future.
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Kao et al. (2019) conducted an observational in Major Depressive Disorder (n=743,114). Major depressive disorder vs. Outpatients without major depressive disorder was evaluated on Risk of hypertension (interaction effect with gender) (HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.41-2.35, p=<0.001). Major depressive disorder exhibited a significant interaction with gender regarding hypertension risk (HR 1.82), with male patients facing a substantially higher risk than female patients.
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