What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to explore the interaction and hybridization of technocracy and democracy within European governance structures.

Beyond dualism: the hybridization of technocracy and democracy in Europe

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This article investigates governance configurations in Europe, revealing dynamic interactions affecting legitimacy and authority.

The aim is to explore the interaction and hybridization of technocracy and democracy within European governance structures.
Developed a framework to conceptualize the relationship between technocracy and democracy.
Created a typology of governance configurations using V-Dem data.
Analyzed 893 country-year observations across the EU27 and the UK from 1989 to 2024.
Identified four ideal-type governance configurations: techno-dominant, demo-dominant, high-intensity hybrid, and low-intensity hybrid.
Found significant regional variations in hybrid governance trajectories, influenced by major crises.
Presented a replicable tool for classifying governance regimes and assessing their impact on democratic legitimacy.

Cozzolino et al. (2026) studied this question.

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