ABSTRACT Aim: To evaluate and compare the in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo embryotoxicity of a novel bioactive glass-based bioceramic sealer (Compound P) with a commercially available calcium–silicate-based sealer (Compound K; BioRoot RCS, Septodont). Methods: Cured sealer discs were prepared under standardized conditions and incubated in culture medium to obtain 1%, 10%, and 100% eluates according to ISO 10993-12 guidelines. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts were exposed to these extracts for 24 h, and cytotoxicity was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with material type and extract concentration as independent factors, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (α = 0.05). Zebrafish embryos (6–8 hpf) were exposed to Compound P eluates to assess developmental toxicity up to 48 h postfertilization. Results: At 1% eluate, Compound P showed 6.11 ± 0.45% cytotoxicity and Compound K 5.48 ± 0.39% ( n = 9; P = 0.232). At 10% eluate, Compound P exhibited 13.07 ± 0.72% versus Compound K 14.70 ± 0.80% ( P = 0.007). At 100% eluate, cytotoxicity was 16.96 ± 0.85% and 17.43 ± 0.90%, respectively ( P = 0.626). ANOVA across all groups was significant (F = 28.34; P < 0.0001), with Tukey’s test confirming reduced cytotoxicity for Compound P at the 10% concentration. Zebrafish assays revealed no mortality or developmental malformations at any concentration of Compound P up to 48 hpf. Conclusion: The novel bioactive glass-based bioceramic sealer demonstrated significantly lower cytotoxicity at intermediate concentrations and exhibited no observable developmental toxicity in a zebrafish embryo model.
Guha et al. (Fri,) studied this question.