Key result
Carotid arterial wave intensity increased linearly with heart rate during exercise in healthy volunteers (r2 0.67-0.91, p<0.0001), demonstrating the feasibility of noninvasive FFR assessment.
Why the study?
Does measurement of carotid arterial wave intensity during exercise allow noninvasive determination of left ventricular force-frequency relationships in healthy young volunteers?
Observational (n=15)
Does measurement of carotid arterial wave intensity during exercise allow noninvasive determination of left ventricular force-frequency relationships in healthy young volunteers?
Carotid arterial wave intensity can be measured noninvasively during exercise to generate a global left ventricular force-frequency relationship, which may be useful in cardiac rehabilitation.
Noninvasive carotid wave intensity during exercise feasible for LV force-frequency assessment in healthy volunteers; leaves open clinical validation and utility.
BACKGROUND: Evaluation of the contractile state of the left ventricle during exercise is important in drawing up a protocol of cardiac rehabilitation. It has been demonstrated that color Doppler- and echo tracking-derived carotid arterial wave intensity is a sensitive index of global left ventricular (LV) contractility. OBJECTIVES: We assessed the feasibility of measuring carotid arterial wave intensity and determining force-frequency (contractility-heart rate) relationships (FFR's) during exercise totally noninvasively. METHODS: We measured carotid arterial wave intensity with a combined color Doppler and echo tracking system in 15 healthy young male volunteers (age 20.8 ± 1.3 years) at rest and during exercise. FFR's were constructed by plotting the maximum value of wave intensity (WD1) against heart rate (HR). RESULTS: WD1 increased linearly with an increase in HR. The goodness-of-fit of the regression line of WD1 on HR in each subject was very high (r2 0.67 ~ 0.91, p < 0.0001 respectively). The slope of the WD1-HR relation ranged from 0.31 to 1.52 [m/s(3)(beat/min)]. CONCLUSIONS: A global LV FFR can be generated in healthy young volunteers with an entirely noninvasive combination of exercise and wave intensity. These data should show the potential usefulness of FFR in the context of cardiac rehabilitation.
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Tanaka et al. (2013) conducted an observational in Healthy volunteers (n=15). Exercise stress vs. Rest was evaluated on Force-frequency relationships (maximum value of wave intensity [WD1] against heart rate) (r2 0.67-0.91, p=< 0.0001). Carotid arterial wave intensity increased linearly with heart rate during exercise in healthy volunteers (r2 0.67-0.91, p<0.0001), demonstrating the feasibility of noninvasive FFR assessment.
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