Wearable derived cardiovascular responses to stressors in free-living conditions

Fig 1. Diurnal variations in HRmotionless and HRV. Data are aggregated for each hour over 28 days for each participant and expressed as the relative fractional difference from the average throughout the day. (a) HRmotionless relative to time of day. (b) HRV relative to time of day. (c) HRmotionless leading up to and following sleep onset. (d) HRV leading up to and following sleep onset. (e) HRmotionless leading up to and following wake onset. (f) HRV leading up to and following wake onset. Tables below each figure represent the results from the linear spline models. Data are represented by means ± 95% CI.

Fig 2. Dose-response effects of running on HRmotionless and HRV. Data are aggregated over 30 minute blocks of time leading up to and following a run, and are normalized to time of day and the thirty minutes leading up to the run (“Pre”). (a) Change in HRmotionless (BPM) relative to the period before a run. The table reflects the absolute differences and P-values for HRmotionless following a run, grouped by running load. P-values were determined using Dunnet’s test, treating the period before a run (“Pre”) as the control group. (b) Area under the curve for HRmotionless following a run. P-values were determined using Tukey’s test with comparisons made across all groups. (c) Change in HRV (RMSSD) relative to the period before a run. The table reflects the absolute differences and P-values for HRV following a run, grouped by running load. P-values were determined using Dunnet’s test, treating the period before a run (“Pre”) as the control group. (d) Area under the curve for HRV following a run. P-values were determined using Tukey’s test with comparisons made across all groups. Data are represented by means ± 95% CI.

Fig 3. Effects of high-stress work on HRmotionless and HRV. Data are aggregated over 30 minute blocks of time leading up to, during, and following high-stress work, and are normalized to time of day and the thirty minutes leading up to the high-stress work. (a) Change in HRmotionless (BPM) relative to the period before high-stress work. (b) Change in HRV (RMSSD) relative to the period before high-stress work. The table reflects the absolute differences and P-values for HRmotionless or HRV following a high-stress work. P-values were determined using Dunnet’s test, treating the period before a high-stress work (“Pre”) as the control group. Data are represented by means ± 95% CI.