Employment Vulnerability and Earnings in Kyrgyzstan

Employment vulnerability is considered as working under inadequate conditions. This research examined the impact of employment vulnerability on earnings with special reference to gender-based differences. Analyses were based on panel data for 2010–2013 and 2016 from the household survey. A panel data fixed-effects model with instrumental variable within the Lewbel (2012 Lewbel, A. (2012). Using heteroscedasticity to identify and estimate mismeasured and endogenous regressor models. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 30(1), 67–80. doi:10.1080/07350015.2012.643126[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) method was applied to estimate an earnings equation. Results indicates negative impact of employment vulnerability on earnings. Women experienced this negative effect more severely. Given these empirical findings, government labour-market policy should not focus on increasing employment alone, but should also address the issue of vulnerability of employment, improvement of working conditions, and expanding employment opportunities for women.