Tech-Driven High-Stakes Examinations: Will Digital Exams Deliver on Quality Education?

The limitations of traditional paper-based assessments in efficiency, security, and data analysis have prompted a need to explore the potential of digital assessments in high-stakes examinations. The challenge lies in addressing the inadequacies of traditional exams and ensuring a smooth transition to digital assessments while mitigating risks such as unequal access to technology and technical glitches. This research examines the benefits and challenges associated with transitioning to digital assessments, particularly in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education). Reviewing current literature, and employing a bibliometric analysis, the article explores how digital assessments can enhance efficiency, security, and data analysis capabilities, while also discussing strategies for a successful transition, including infrastructure development, training, and security protocols. Analysis showed a marked increase in publications starting in 2010, which reflects growing scholarly interest motivated by Fourth Industrial Revolution developments in digital technologies. With major contributions from top authors in the field, key study themes found were digital assessment, e-assessment, and computer-based tests. The results guide future research orientations and policy development in digital high-stakes assessments by offering a complete picture of publication trends, thematic advancements, and significant contributions. The paper aims to inform policymakers and educators in developing strategies for successfully implementing digital assessments in high-stakes examinations, leveraging the potential of AI for a more effective and individualized assessment experience.