Three-Dimensional Characterization of Aortic Root Motion by Vascular Deformation Mapping

Figures

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  Figure A1. Scatter plot correlating LV/Ao angle and age. Solid and dotted red lines are fit and confidence bounds, respectively.

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  Figure A2. Scatter plot correlating (a) sinus diameter vs. total displacement and (b) sinus diameter vs. distensibility. Solid and dotted red lines are fit and confidence bounds, respectively.

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  Figure 1. Definition of LV/Ao angle (φ) adopted in this study. LV: left ventricle, MA: mitral annulus, LA: left atrium, AA: aortic annulus, Ao: aorta. Purple lines indicate MA and AA. The LV/Ao angle (φ) is the angle between the lines perpendicular to the aortic and mitral annuli, respectively.

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  Figure 2. VDM(D) workflow.

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  Figure 3. Four metrics of aortic root motion considered in this study, all calculated from 3D displacement extracted from VDM(D): (a) total, axial, and in-plane displacements, (b) axial tilt, (c) area ratio (distensibility), and (d) aortic rotation.

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  Figure 4. Age whiskers box plots for different groups; p-values are given at the top of the blue brackets.

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  Figure 5. Diastolic (blue) and systolic (red) aortic geometries extracted from VDM(D) and the corresponding sinus contours at the analysis plane for representative subjects in each group.

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  Figure 6. Whiskers box plots for the different subject groups: (a) total displacement, (b) axial displacement, (c) in-plane displacement, (d) axial tilt, (e) aortic rotation, and (f) distensibility; p-values are given at the top of the blue brackets.

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  Figure 7. Scatter plots correlating (a) total displacement vs. age and (b) distensibility vs. age for the different subject groups. Solid and dotted red lines are fit and confidence bounds, respectively.

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  Figure 8. LV/Ao angle results. (a) Whiskers box plots of LV/Ao angle for each group; p-values are given at the top of the blue brackets. (b) Scatter plot correlating relative axial displacement and LV/Ao angle. (c) Scatter plot correlating relative in-plane displacement and LV/Ao angle. Solid and dotted red lines are fit and confidence bounds, respectively.

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  Figure 9. Diastolic (blue) and systolic (red) aortic geometries extracted from VDM(D) for a non-aneurysmal subject. Two different 2D views provide different characterizations of aortic root motion.