Key result
Clinical foot-and-mouth disease in dairy cattle was associated with an increased rate of clinical mastitis in the first month after outbreak onset (HR 2.9) but showed weak evidence for an effect on culling (HR 1.7).
Why the study?
Does clinical foot-and-mouth disease increase the risk of clinical mastitis and culling in dairy cattle?
Cohort (n=644)
No
Does clinical foot-and-mouth disease increase the risk of clinical mastitis and culling in dairy cattle?
In a large-scale dairy farm in Kenya, an FMD outbreak was associated with a transient increase in clinical mastitis risk during the first month, but had a less clear impact on overall culling rates.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Supports heightened mastitis monitoring after FMD outbreaks; leaves open culling effects and needs prospective confirmation.
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly transmissible viral infection of cloven hooved animals associated with severe economic losses when introduced into FMD-free countries. Information on the impact of the disease in FMDV-endemic countries is poorly characterised yet essential for the prioritisation of scarce resources for disease control programmes. A FMD (virus serotype SAT2) outbreak on a large-scale dairy farm in Nakuru County, Kenya provided an opportunity to evaluate the impact of FMD on clinical mastitis and culling rate. A cohort approach followed animals over a 12-month period after the commencement of the outbreak. For culling, all animals were included; for mastitis, those over 18 months of age. FMD was recorded in 400/644 cattle over a 29-day period. During the follow-up period 76 animals were culled or died whilst in the over 18 month old cohort 63 developed clinical mastitis. Hazard ratios (HR) were generated using Cox regression accounting for non-proportional hazards by inclusion of time-varying effects. Univariable analysis showed FMD cases were culled sooner but there was no effect on clinical mastitis. After adjusting for possible confounders and inclusion of time-varying effects there was weak evidence to support an effect of FMD on culling (HR = 1.7, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.88-3.1, P = 0.12). For mastitis, there was stronger evidence of an increased rate in the first month after the onset of the outbreak (HR = 2.9, 95%CI 0.97-8.9, P = 0.057).
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Lyons et al. (2015) conducted a cohort in Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) (n=644). Clinical foot-and-mouth disease vs. No clinical foot-and-mouth disease was evaluated on Clinical mastitis in the first month after outbreak onset (HR 2.9, 95% CI 0.97-8.9, p=0.057). Clinical foot-and-mouth disease in dairy cattle was associated with an increased rate of clinical mastitis in the first month after outbreak onset (HR 2.9) but showed weak evidence for an effect on culling (HR 1.7).
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