Key result
Children with MVP have ~30% longer posterior mitral leaflets and decreased primary chordal length vs controls.
Why the study?
The high complexity of mitral valve anatomy and function in MVP is not yet fully understood, prompting analysis of each part of the apparatus in children to assess its impact on MVP and the interaction between coaptation length and MR severity.
Do specific echocardiographic structural abnormalities of the mitral valve apparatus correlate with the presence of mitral valve prolapse and severity of mitral regurgitation in children?
Case-Control (n=120)
Do specific echocardiographic structural abnormalities of the mitral valve apparatus correlate with the presence of mitral valve prolapse and severity of mitral regurgitation in children?
Absolute Event Rate: 13.9% vs 10.7%
p-value: p=<.01
Pediatric patients with mitral valve prolapse exhibit specific structural abnormalities on echocardiography, including enlarged posterior leaflets and decreased chordal length, which correlate with mitral regurgitation severity.
These features may aid echocardiographic diagnosis of pediatric mitral valve prolapse; leaves open their prognostic value for regurgitation severity.
BACKGROUND: The high complexity of mitral valve anatomy and function in mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is not yet fully understood. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze each part of the mitral valve apparatus in children to determine its impact on the presence of MVP and to assess the interaction between the coaptation length (CL) and mitral regurgitation severity. METHODS: We prospectively analyzed transthoracic echocardiograms of 60 patients with MVP (mean age 9.8 ± 3.1 years). We compared these patients with 60 control patients without disease. We determined length of leaflets, chordal length, tenting area, coaptation CL, the intrapapillary muscle distance (IPMD) and relation between CL and severity of mitral regurgitation (MR). RESULTS: For patients with MVP, the posterior mitral leaflet (PML) was significantly enlarged 13.9 ± 4.1 mm versus 10.7 ± 3.5 mm (p < .01), the primary chordal length was significantly decreased 15.4 ± 3.61 mm versus 17.6 ± 3.8 mm (p < .02), and IPMD was significantly greater 18.1 ± 2.7 mm versus 16.6 ± 4.3 mm (p < .03). The difference between CL for both the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets correlated positively with MR (r = .249, p < .05). A greater than 4 mm CL correlated with at least MR (sensitivity 100%, specificity 72%) and greater than 5 mm correlated with at least moderate MR (sensitivity 100%, specificity 60%). CONCLUSION: The majority of pediatric patients with mitral valve prolapse have structural abnormalities that are defined well by echocardiography. In addition to the presence of prolapse and regurgitation, routine assessment of leaflet length, thickness, chordal length and papillary muscle distance is fundamental for patients with MVP.
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Sabry et al. (2023) conducted a case-control in Mitral valve prolapse (n=120). Mitral valve prolapse vs. Healthy controls without disease was evaluated on Posterior mitral leaflet (PML) length (p=<.01). Children with mitral valve prolapse had significantly enlarged posterior mitral leaflets (13.9 vs 10.7 mm, p<0.01) and decreased primary chordal length compared to healthy controls.
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