Key result
Long-term weight loss of ≥10% over 10 years was significantly associated with a higher predicted 10-year ASCVD risk (β 2.81) compared to stable weight in older U.S. adults.
Why the study?
The association between weight change and cardiovascular disease risk in older adults aged 60 years or older remains controversial.
Does weight change over 1 or 10 years affect predicted 10-year ASCVD risk in older adults without baseline ASCVD?
Cohort (n=2,322)
Does weight change over 1 or 10 years affect predicted 10-year ASCVD risk in older adults without baseline ASCVD?
Mean Difference: 2.81 (95% CI 1.46–4.16)
p-value: p=0.01
In older adults without baseline ASCVD, long-term weight loss of >5% is associated with an increased predicted 10-year ASCVD risk compared to maintaining a stable weight.
Weight loss may signal higher ASCVD risk in older adults; leaves open causality and needs prospective trials before guiding practice.
Background It remains controversial regarding the association between weight change and cardiovascular disease risk in older adults (aged ≥60 years). This study aimed to evaluate the association between weight change and 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk events in older adults. Methods This cohort study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Older adults aged 60-79 years who were free of self-reported ASCVD at the time of the NHANES interview were included. Data were collected from January 1999 to December 2018 and analyzed in March 2022. We focused on the associations between weight change and 10-year risk of ASCVD events with the percentage change in weight during short-term(1 year) and long-term (10 years), which categorized as moderate to high weight loss (≥10%), small weight loss (5.1-9.9%), stable weight (±5%), small weight gain (5.1-9.9%) and moderate to high weight gain (≥10%). Results The number of participants was 2,322 (mean age 67.90 years; 41.65% female) for the long-term interval (10 years) in our analysis, and 2543 for the short-term interval (1 years). We only observed an inverse association between long-term weight loss and predicted 10-year ASCVD risk (loss≥10%: β=2.81, 95%CI=1.46, 4.16; loss 5.1%~9.9%: β=2.75, 95% CI=1.24, 4.26), but all intervals of weight gain ≥5% were not significant associated with higher risk than stable weight. However, in the subgroup analyses, the association between long-term weight loss and 10-year ASCVD risk was not significant in old-old (aged 75-79), obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m 2 ), intentional weight loss, moderate physical activity, smokers, and diabetics. Conclusions Older adults (aged 60-79 years) with weight loss >5% over the past 10 years have excess predicted 10-year ASCVD risk. Our study supports the benefits of stable weight in promoting cardiovascular health in the elderly.
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Peng et al. (2022) conducted a cohort in Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk (n=2,322). Weight loss ≥ 10% over 10 years vs. Stable weight (± 5%) was evaluated on 10-year predicted ASCVD risk (β 2.81, 95% CI 1.46, 4.16, p=0.01). Long-term weight loss of ≥10% over 10 years was significantly associated with a higher predicted 10-year ASCVD risk (β 2.81) compared to stable weight in older U.S. adults.
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