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DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins possess critical nonrepair functions, such as regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, metabolism, and immunomodulation, which expand their tumor suppressor roles and clinical implications beyond merely maintaining genomic stability. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.SYNTHESIS. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.ESTABLISHES_NEW_DIRECTION.

October 29, 2024Trends in cancer9 citationsOpen Access

Nonrepair functions of DNA mismatch repair proteins: new avenues for precision oncology

JDJerry T. DeWittSan Diego State University MRMegha RaghunathanSan Diego State University SHSvasti HaricharanUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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Abstract

DNA damage repair (DDR) proteins are well recognized as guardians of the genome that are frequently lost during malignant transformation of normal cells across cancer types. To date, their tumor suppressor functions have been generally regarded as a consequence of their roles in maintaining genomic stability: more genomic instability increases the risk of oncogenic transformation events. However, recent discoveries centering around DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins suggest a broader impact of the loss of DDR proteins on cellular processes beyond genomic instability. Here, we explore the clinical implications of nonrepair roles for DDR proteins, using the growing evidence supporting roles for DNA MMR proteins in cell cycle and apoptosis regulation, metabolic function, the cellular secretome, and immunomodulation.

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