Simulation of Fe3O4 Nanoparticle Transport in a Diseased Curved Artery Under Thermal Influence: Implications for Targeted Drug Delivery

This study examines non-Newtonian electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) blood flow via a diseased curved artery with minor stenosis and an aneurysm, adding a no-slip boundary condition, using targeted medication delivery of nanoparticles. The non-Newtonian behavior of blood flow is accounted for by the Casson fluid model. Using Corcione’s model, we have calculated the effective viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanofluids. The interaction of the nanofluid with physical phenomena such as viscous dissipation, electro-osmosis, radially applied uniform magnetic field and Joule heating can change the hemodynamic parameters of the fluid. The Crank–Nicolson approach has been used to calculate the velocity, temperature, and concentration patterns within the Debye–Huckel linearization approximation. Streamlines are delineated to analyze flow patterns across distinct physical factors. This study supports the design of magnetically guided Fe3O4 nanoparticle–based targeted drug delivery systems for treating vascular diseases such as stenosis and aneurysm, improving site-specific therapeutic efficiency. The numerical insights into thermal effects and arterial geometry help to optimize nanoparticle transport, enhancing treatment precision while minimizing systemic side effects.