Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber): A Review on Its Phytochemistry and Skin Applications

Cucumis sativus, commonly known as cucumber, is a widely cultivated vegetable belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine and skincare practices across Asia, Europe, and the Americas for its cooling, soothing, and hydrating properties. This review aims to summarize and evaluate available scientific literature on the phytochemical composition and skin-related applications of C. Sativus. A narrative review approach was used, compiling studies published from 2005 to 2025 using databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Results show that C. sativus contains bioactive compounds including flavonoids, cucurbitacins, phenolic acids, phytosterols, vitamins, and polysaccharides, which contribute to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and moisturizing effects. Scientific evidence supports its use in managing skin conditions such as sunburn, acne, inflammation, and premature aging, as well as its application in cosmetic formulations. However, most studies are preclinical, and further clinical trials are required to validate efficacy, safety, and optimal formulation parameters. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of C. sativus as a valuable natural ingredient in dermatology and cosmeceutical development. Cucumis sativus (cucumber) is a widely cultivated plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, known for its nutritional, cosmetic, and medicinal properties. This review summarizes studies from 2015–2025 on its phytochemistry and dermatological applications. The plant contains flavonoids, phenolics, cucurbitacins, vitamins, and minerals contributing to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. While studies show promise in skin hydration, inflammation reduction, and anti-aging, more clinical trials are needed.