Key result
In healthy subjects, electrocardiographic alternans values were established using the enhanced adaptive matched filter, revealing that females had higher P-wave alternans amplitude than males.
Why the study?
Normal ranges needed to define risk conditions were not available for the enhanced adaptive matched filter method of electrocardiographic alternans characterization.
Cross-Sectional (n=52)
This study provides initial normal reference values for electrocardiographic alternans using the EAMF method, noting higher values in females, which may aid in future risk stratification.
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Establishes preliminary sex-specific reference values; hypothesis-generating for validation in risk-stratification studies.
Electrocardiographic alternans (ECGA) is the ABAB fluctuation of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and may manifest as P-wave/QRS-complex/T-wave alternans (PWA/QRSA/TWA).ECGA is a cardiovascular risk index, and its characterization may depend on the automatic identification method.Normal ranges (needed to define risk conditions) are still not available for the new enhanced adaptive matched filter (EAMF) method.Thus, the present study aims to provide them.EAMF was used to characterize ECGA (in terms of: amplitude, V; area, Vms; and duration, number of beats) in 15-lead ECG from 52 healthy subjects (39/13 male/female), from the "PTB Diagnostic ECG Database".Median ECGA values over leads and subjects were: 2 V, 200 Vms, and 17 beats for PWA; 1 V, 80 Vms, and 8 beats for QRSA; and 7 V, 1300 Vms, and 49 beats for TWA.ECGA in females (PWA: 4 V, 350 Vms, and 22 beats; QRSA: 1 V, 80 Vms, and 11 beats; TWA: 10 V; 2000 Vms, and 49 beats ) was higher (*p<0.05)than ECGA in males (PWA: 2 V*, 200 Vms*, and 16 beats*; QRSA: 1 V, 80 Vms, and 7 beats; TWA: 6 V, 1150 Vms, and 48 beats).Maximum ECGA values were observed in fundamental leads.The observed reference ECGA values seem reliable if comparing with pathological populations but are initial and analysis of wider datasets is needed.
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Marcantoni et al. (2022) conducted a cross-sectional in Healthy (n=52). Female sex vs. Male sex was evaluated on P-wave alternans (PWA) amplitude (p=<0.05). In healthy subjects, electrocardiographic alternans values were established using the enhanced adaptive matched filter, revealing that females had higher P-wave alternans amplitude than males.
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