The Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia on the Morphology–Voltage–P Wave Duration ( MVP ) Risk Score

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common global health issue affecting over two billion people and is associated with cardiovascular complications. Electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities may reflect cardiac involvement in IDA. The Morphology-Voltage-P wave Duration (MVP) score, which assesses P-wave duration, voltage, and morphology, is linked to atrial fibrillation (AF) risk. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between IDA and MVP score to evaluate its potential in cardiac risk assessment. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted between January 1 and June 30, 2024, at a tertiary hospital. It included 241 IDA patients and 204 healthy controls. All participants underwent ECG and echocardiography. MVP scores were calculated, and left atrial (LA) diameter and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were recorded. RESULTS: MVP scores were significantly higher in the IDA group compared to controls (p < 0.001). P-wave morphology and voltage were notably altered in IDA patients (p < 0.001). LA diameters were larger, and LVEF values were lower in the IDA group (p < 0.001). MVP scores positively correlated with LA size and negatively with LVEF. Additionally, IDA patients had higher heart rates and lower diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: IDA is associated with increased MVP scores, suggesting possible atrial remodeling and higher AF risk. The MVP score may serve as a non-invasive tool for cardiovascular risk stratification in IDA patients. Further research is needed to assess the impact of IDA treatment on ECG parameters and arrhythmia risk.