Evaluation of Turbulent Surface Flux Parameterizations for the Stable Surface Layer over Halley, Antarctica*

Calculated surface fluxes from seven surface layer parameterizations are verified against 45 months of observations from Halley, Antarctica, with a temporal resolution of 1 h. The surface layer parameterizations are taken from widely used numerical models including the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate models CCM2 and CCM3, the U.K. Met. Office Unified Climate Model, and the fifthgeneration Pennsylvania State University-NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). The observations include measurements of the mean wind speed and temperature inversion strength and direct measurements of the turbulent fluxes of heat and momentum.